Python Operators

2. Arithmetic Operators

2.1 What are Arithmetic Operators?
1. Operators that are used to perform mathematical operations on numeric data. They are similar to calculator buttons.

2.3 Examples
1. num_1 = 10 num_2 = 3addition = num_1 + num_2 print(addition) # ➜ 13 subtraction = num_1 - num_2 print(subtraction) # ➜ 7 mult = num_1 * num_2 print(mult) # ➜ 30 division = num_1 / num_2 print(division) # ➜ 3.333 floor_div = num_1 // num_2 print(floor_div) # ➜ 3 remainder = num_1 % num_2 print(remainder) # ➜ 1 power = num_1 ** num_2 print(power) # ➜ 1000

2.4 Order of Operations
1. Python follows mathematical order of operations: Brackets → Exponent → Multiplication/Division → Addition/Subtraction 📌 You may know this as BODMAS from school — Python follows the same rule. Example: n1 = 10 result = n1 + 3 * (4 - 1) print(result) # ➜ 19

3. Assignment Operators

3.1 What are Assignment Operators?
1. Operators that are used to assign values to variables. They can also perform an operation and assign the result back to the variable. 🏷️ Assignment Operators help us store or update values.
3.2 Simple Assignment
1. Assign a value to a variable. Variable on the left side of the operator gets the value on the right side. Example: x = 5 This means the variable x now holds the value 5.
3.3 Multiple Assignment
1. Assign the same value to multiple variables in a single statement. Example: x = y = z = 10 This means x, y, and z all hold the value 10.
3.4 Positional Assignment
1. Assign multiple values to multiple variables in a single statement. Example: a, b, c = 1, 2, 3 This means a holds 1, b holds 2, and c holds 3.
3.5 Combined Assignment
1. Combine an arithmetic operation with assignment. It updates the variable with the result of the operation. Example: x += 5 is equivalent to x = x + 5.

4. Comparison Operators

4.1 What are Comparison Operators?
1. Operators that are used to compare two values and return a boolean result (True or False). ⚖️ Comparison Operators help us check relationships between values.

4.3 Examples
1. n1 = 5 n2 = 3is_same = (n1 == n2) print(is_same) # ➜ False is_different = (n1 != n2) print(is_different) # ➜ True is_less = (n1 < n2) print(is_less) # ➜ False is_more = (n1 > n2) print(is_more) # ➜ True is_less_equal = (n1 <= n2) print(is_less_equal) # ➜ False is_more_equal = (n1 >= n2) print(is_more_equal) # ➜ True

4.4 Real-Life Example
1. Imagine you are checking if you are eligible to vote. The minimum age to vote is 18. age = 20 is_eligible = (age >= 18) print(is_eligible) # ➜ True If age was 16, then is_eligible would be False.

5. Logical Operators

5.1 What are Logical Operators?
1. Operators that are used to combine multiple conditions. For example, a person is eligible to vote only if they meet the minimum age requirement and are a citizen of the country. Logical operators check these conditions and return a Boolean value: True or False. 🧠 Logical Operators help us make decisions using multiple conditions.
5.2 Common Logical Operators
1. and ➜ Returns True if both conditions are True or ➜ Returns True if at least one condition is True not ➜ Reverses the result
5.3 and Operator
1. age = 20 has_citizenship = Truecan_vote = (age >= 18) and (has_citizenship == True) print(can_vote) # ➜ True Here, both conditions must be True.

5.4 or Operator
1. is_saturday = True is_holiday = Falsecan_rest = is_saturday or is_holiday print(can_rest) # ➜ True Here, at least one condition must be True.

5.5 not Operator
1. is_logged_in = Falseshould_login = not is_logged_in print(should_login) # ➜ True Here, the result is reversed.

6. Membership Operators

6.1 What are Membership Operators?
1. Membership operators are used to check whether a value exists inside a sequence such as: String, List, Tuple, Set, Dictionary and return a boolean result: True or False. 🔍 Membership Operators help us search inside a collection.
6.2 Common Membership Operators
1. in ➜ Returns True if the value is found in the sequence not in ➜ Returns True if the value is not found in the sequence
6.3 Example with String
1. my_string = "Hello World"result = "H" in my_string print(result) # ➜ True result = "z" not in my_string print(result) # ➜ True
6.4 Example with List
1. my_list = ["apple", "cat"]result = "apple" in my_list print(result) # ➜ True result = "cat" not in my_list print(result) # ➜ False
Sample Exercise:
1. You have a guest list as:guests = ["Sita", "Ram", "Hari"]. Check if sita is invited.guests = ["Sita", "Ram", "Hari"]is_invited = "Sita" in guests print(is_invited) # ➜ True